STUDI BENCHMARKING SISTEM LOGISTIK NASIONAL (SISLOGNAS) INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN MANAJEMEN SISTEM LOGISTIK LEAN SIX SIGMA
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Studi Sistem Logistik Nasional (SISLOGNAS) Indonesia menggunakan Pendekatan Manajemen Sistem Logistik Lean Six Sigma. Studi benchmarking Sistem Logistik Nasional (SISLOGNAS) Indonesia menggunakan sumber data dari Laporan Bank Dunia tahun 2018 yang disusun oleh Arvis et al (2018). Indeks Kinerja Logistik (Logistics Performance Index/LPI) dari Bank Dunia menganalisis enam indikator, yaitu: (1) Bea Cukai, (2) Infrastruktur, (3) Pengiriman Internasional, (4) Kualitas Logistik dan Kompetensi, (5) Pelacakan dan Penelusuran, (6) Ketepatan Waktu. Skor indeks kinerja logistik (LPI) Indonesia pada tahun 2018 masih rendah yaitu: 3,15 yang berada pada peringkat 46 (LPI Indonesia: 3,15; 46). Skor ini lebih rendah daripada beberapa negara ASEAN seperti Malaysia (3,22; 41), Vietnam (3,27; 39), Thailand (3,41; 32), dan Singapore (4,00; 7). Skor dan peringkat indeks kinerja logistik (LPI) Indonesia tertinggal lebih jauh lagi apabila dibandingkan terhadap indeks kinerja logistik negara-negara maju pada tahun 2018, berturut-turut dari tertinggi ke terendah, yaitu: (1) Germany, skor LPI 4,20 peringkat 1 (4,29; 1), (2) Sweden (4,05; 2); (3) Belgium (4,04; 3), (4) Austria (4,03; 4), (5) Japan (4,03; 5), (6) Netherlands (4,02; 6), (7) Singapore (4,00; 7), (8) Denmark (3,99; 8), (9) United Kingdom (3,99; 9), dan (10) Finland (3,97; 10). Agar meningkatkan kapabilitas sistem logistik nasional (SISLOGNAS) Indonesia, maka enam faktor yang merupakan indikator kunci penyusun indeks kinerja logistik (LPI) pada tahun 2018, berturut-turut yang menghambat dari terbesar sampai terkecil perlu diperbaiki. Terdapat dua indikator kunci yang merupakan area kebijakan pemerintah, yaitu: Bea Cukai merupakan penghambat terbesar (berada pada peringkat 62 dan tertinggal 16 peringkat dari peringkat skor LPI Indonesia pada 46); dan infrastruktur yang tertinggal 8 peringkat karena berada pada peringkat 54 harus didesain ulang menggunakan Manajemen Sistem Logistik Lean Six Sigma agar mampu melakukan perbaikan secara dramatik (radical improvement). Faktor-kebijakan pemerintah yang berkontribusi positif terhadap indeks kinerja logistik Indonesia tahun 2018 namun masih harus ditingkatkan dalam bentuk perbaikan regulasi pemerintah terus-menerus adalah: Pengiriman Internasional yang masih berada pada peringkat 42 (lebih maju 4 peringkat dari peringkat LPI Indonesia pada peringkat 46). Jika ketiga faktor area kebijakan pemerintah ini dapat dituingkatkan secara signifikan, maka akan meningkatkan kinerja tiga indikator outcome penyerahan dan pelayanan logistik, yaitu: kualitas pelayanan logistik dan kompetensi (berada pada peringkat 44, lebih maju dua peringkat dari peringkat LPI Indonesia pada peringkat 46); Pelacakan dan Penelusuran Kiriman (berada pada peringkat 39, lebih maju 7 peringkat); dan Ketepatan Waktu Penyerahan (berada pada peringkat 41, lebih maju 5 peringkat).
KATA KUNCI: Indeks Kinerja Logistik, Benchmarking, Manajemen Sistem Logistik Lean Six Sigma.
ABSTRACT
The Indonesian National Logistics System Study (SISLOGNAS) uses the Lean Six Sigma Logistics System Management Approach. The Indonesian National Logistics System (SISLOGNAS) benchmarking study uses data sources from the 2018 World Bank Report compiled by Arvis et al (2018). The World Bank's Logistics Performance Index (LPI) analyzes six indicators, namely: (1) Customs, (2) Infrastructure, (3) International Shipping, (4) Logistics Quality and Competence, (5) Tracking and Tracing, (6) Punctuality. Indonesia's logistics performance index (LPI) score in 2018 was still low, namely: 3.15 which was ranked 46 (Indonesian LPI: 3.15; 46). This score is lower than some ASEAN countries such as Malaysia (3.22; 41), Vietnam (3.27; 39), Thailand (3.41; 32), and Singapore (4.00; 7). Indonesia's logistics performance index (LPI) score and ranking lags even further when compared to the logistics performance index of developed countries in 2018, respectively from highest to lowest, namely: (1) Germany, LPI score of 4.20 ranked 1 (4.29; 1), (2) Sweden (4.05; 2); (3) Belgium (4.04; 3), (4) Austria (4.03; 4), (5) Japan (4.03; 5), (6) Netherlands (4.02; 6), (7 ) Singapore (4.00; 7), (8) Denmark (3.99; 8), (9) United Kingdom (3.99; 9), and (10) Finland (3.97; 10). In order to improve the capability of Indonesia's national logistics system (SISLOGNAS), the six factors which are the key indicators for the preparation of the logistics performance index (LPI) in 2018, in a row that hinders from the largest to the smallest need to be improved. There are two key indicators that are government policy areas, namely: Customs and Excise is the biggest obstacle (at 62 and 16 places behind Indonesia's LPI score of 46); and infrastructure that is 8 places behind because it is ranked 54 must be redesigned using a Lean Six Sigma Logistics Management System to be able to make dramatic improvements (radical improvement). Government policies that contributed positively to Indonesia's logistics performance index in 2018 but still need to be improved in the form of continuous improvement in government regulations are: International Shipping which is still ranked 42 (four places ahead of Indonesia's LPI ranking at 46). If these three factors in the government's policy area can be improved significantly, it will improve the performance of three outcome indicators for delivery and logistics services, namely: logistics service quality and competence (ranked 44, two places ahead of Indonesia's LPI ranking at 46); Post Tracking and Tracking (ranked 39th, 7th advanced); and Timeliness of Submissions (ranked 41, advanced 5 ranks).
Keywords: Logistic Performance Index (LPI), Benchmarking, Logistic System, Lean Six Sigma Logistics System Management.
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