ANALISIS PORTER'S DIAMOND MODEL INDUSTRI ALAS KAKI INDONESIA
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja industri alas kaki Indonesia dalam meraih keunggulan kompetitif di pasar domestik dan global. Data primer dan sekunder diperoleh melalui wawancara dan studi literatur. Responden merupakan perwakilan dari pemerintah dan industri. Metode analisis dengan pendekatan Porter's Diamond Model yang memiliki berbagai keunggulan dalam mengkaji strategi bisnis dan dayasaing industri dan negara secara kualitatif. Ada enam variabel analisis yaitu kondisi faktor; kondisi permintaan; industri terkait dan pendukung; struktur, strategi dan persaingan industri, kesempatan serta pemerintah. Keenam faktor tersebut memiliki keterakaitan dan saling berinteraksi membangun dayasaing kompetitif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa industri alas kaki Indonesia memiliki dayasaing kompetitif di pasar domestik dan internasional. Indonesia memiliki daya tarik pasar global karena produknya berkualitas, upah relatif rendah, serta iklim investasi yang mendukung. Namun, dari sisi bahan baku, Indonesia tidak memiliki dayasaing sehingga ketergantung produsen alas kaki terhadap impor sangat tinggi. Ukuran pasar domestik dan global menjadi peluang, namun perlu meningkatkan efisiensi produksi agar dapat mempertahankan dan meningkatkan dayasaing. Pemerintah perlu mengioptimalkan regulasi impor alas kaki, relaksasi impor bahan bahan baku dan tingkat upah tenaga kerja untuk menjaga keberlangusngan industri di tengah turbulensi ekonomi global.
Kata kunci: alas kaki, dayasaing, efisiensi, Porter's Diamond Model.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze the performance of the Indonesian footwear industry to gain of competitive advantage in the domestic and global markets”primary and secondary data collected through interviews and literature studies. Respondents are representatives of government and industry. The analytical method uses Porter's Diamond Model approach, which has various advantages in qualitatively assessing business strategy and industrial and national competitiveness. There are six variables: factor conditions; demand conditions; related and supporting industries; industry structure, strategy and rivalry, chance, and government. They relate and interact with each other to build competitiveness. The results show that the Indonesian footwear industry has a competitive advantage in domestic and international markets. Indonesia has a market attractiveness because of its quality products, relatively low wages, and supportive investment climate. However, regarding raw materials, Indonesia is not competitive, so the footwear manufacturers' dependence on imports is very high. The domestic and worldwide market size are opportunities, but it is necessary to increase production efficiency to maintain and enhance their competitiveness. The government needs to optimize footwear import regulations and relax raw materials and labor wages to maintain the sustainability industry during the turbulence of the global economy.
Keywords: footwear, competitiveness, efficiency, Porter's Diamond Model
References
IMF, "World Economic,” 2022.
P. Shoes, Worldfootwear yearbook 2021. 2021.
S. T. V. Pandiangan, I. Narita, and H. L. Kinanti, "Strategi Peningkatan Daya Saing Ekspor Industri Alas Kaki Olah Raga Indonesia dengan Model Analisis Porter Diamond,” 2018.
SMERU, PROSPERA, UNDP, and UNICEF, "Analysis of the Social and Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on Households and Strategic Policy Recommendations for Indonesia,” United Nations Child. Fund, pp. 1–65, 2021.
R. Riady, G. A. Fita, A. N. Fiqhi Utami, and T. H. B. Tahawa, "Global Trade Restrictions during Covid-19 Pandemic,” Int. J. Educ. Res. Soc. Sci., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 173–177, 2021, doi: 10.51601/ijersc.v2i1.44.
C. A. Casey and C. D. Cimino-Isaacs, "Export Restrictions in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic,” Congr. Res. Serv. Rep. IF11551, vol. 2019, pp. 1–3, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF11551.
M. E. Porter, "Determinants of National Competitive Advantage,” Compet. Advant. Nations, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 69–130, 1998, doi: 10.1007/978-1-349-14865-3_3.
S. Togu and V. Pandiangan, "Strategi Peningkatan Daya Saing Ekspor Industri Alas Kaki Olah Raga Indonesia dengan Model Analisis Porter Diamond Disusun oleh :,” 2018.
T. Nguyen, "Opportunities for Vietnam's Footwear Industry After the 2019-2020 Pandemic to Achieve Competitive Advantage,” p. 1079, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://archives.pdx.edu/ds/psu/35747%0Ahttps://doi.org/10.15760/honors.1106.
G. Korkmaz, "Porter ' S Diamond Model and the Competitiveness of the Turkish,” 2021.
P. H. Tsai, C. J. Chen, and H. C. Yang, "Using Porter's Diamond Model to Assess the Competitiveness of Taiwan's Solar Photovoltaic Industry,” SAGE Open, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1177/2158244020988286.
M. A. Butt, P. Katuse, and J. M. Namada, "Demand Conditions According to Porter's Diamond and Competitive Advantage of Firms of Pakistan Automotive Industry,” Eur. J. Bus. Manag. Res., vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 1–7, 2019, doi: 10.24018/ejbmr.2019.4.5.109.
A. Prayoga, "Implementasi Model Berlian Porter Dalam Penyusunan Implementation of Porter ' S Diamond Model in the Strategic Architecture for Agricultural Financing,” J. Halal Prod. Res., vol. 2, pp. 86–105, 2019.
A. Listianti, "Analisis Daya Saing dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Ekspor Produk Alas Kaki Indonesia ke Amerika Serikat Perspektif ekonomi Islam,” 2020.
A. Abdulkadir, W. Afriana, and H. A. Azis, "Footwear Export Competitiveness of Indonesia and Vietnam,” Signifikan J. Ilmu Ekon., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 269–284, 2020, doi: 10.15408/sjie.v9i2.15404.
C. Vlados, "Porter's Diamond Approaches and the Competitiveness Web,” Int. J. Bus. Adm., vol. 10, no. 5, p. 33, 2019, doi: 10.5430/ijba.v10n5p33.
F. Firmansyah, W. Widodo, K. Karsinah, and S. Oktavilia, "Export Performance and Competitiveness of Indonesian Food Commodities,” Jejak, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 289–301, 2017, doi: 10.15294/jejak.v10i2.11294.
F. Rassekh, "Comparative advantage in Smith's wealth of nations and Ricardo's principles: A brief history of its early development,” Hist. Econ. Ideas, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 59–75, 2015, doi: 10.1400/232248.
T. L. Wheelen, J. D. Hunger, A. N. Hoffman, and C. E. Bamford, Strategic Management and Business Policy, 15th ed. Harlow: Pearson, 2018.
"Statistik Industri Manufaktur Indonesia 2020,” 2022.
E. P. Lestari and I. WSU, "Analisis Kinerja Industri Manufaktur Di Indonesia,” J. Ris. Ekon. dan Manaj., vol. 17, no. 1, p. 183, 2017, doi: 10.17970/jrem.17.170115.id.
M. N. Mifrahi and A. S. Darmawan, "Analisis tingkat pengangguran terbuka di Indonesia periode sebelum dan saat pandemi covid-19,” J. Kebijak. Ekon. dan Keuang., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 111–118, 2022, doi: 10.20885/jkek.vol1.iss1.art11.
N. . Mankiw, Principles of Economics, 8th ed. Boston: Learning, Lengange, 2016.
J. Rahmi, "DAMPAK UPAH MINIMUM TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA : STUDI KASUS INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR INDONESIA ( The Impact of Minimum Wage on Labor Productivity : Evidence from Indonesian Manufacturing Industry ),” vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2022.
P. R. Indonesia, Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja. Indonesia, 2020.
P. Shoes, YEARBOOK by Portuguese Shoes. 2020.
M. Janssen, B. P. I. Chang, H. Hristov, I. Pravst, A. Profeta, and J. Millard, "Changes in Food Consumption During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Consumer Survey Data From the First Lockdown Period in Denmark, Germany, and Slovenia,” Front. Nutr., vol. 8, no. March, pp. 1–20, 2021, doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.635859.
Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Kementerian Pertanian, "Statistik Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan 2021/ Livestock and Animal Health Statistics 2021,” 2021.
W. I. P. O. WIPO, Global Innovation Index 2021, 14th ed. Geneva: World Intellectual Property Organization, 2021.
C. E. Wheelen, T.L.; Hunger, J.D; Hoffman, A.N; Bamford, Strategic Management and Business Policy, 15th ed. Harlow: Pearson, 2016.
R. Ansoff, H.I; Kipley, D; Lewis, A.O.; Stevens, R.H, Ansoff, Implanting Strategic Management, 3rd ed. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Swittzerland, 2019.
M. E. Porter, Competitive Sreategy, 1st ed. New York: The Free Press, 1980.
W. Putri, "Analisis Struktur-Perilaku-Kinerja Industri Alas Kaki di Indonesia [Skripsi],” IPB (Bogor Agricultural University), 2011.
D. Vikiyanto, "Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Ekspor Alas Kaki Indonesia ke Amerika Serikat,” Indic. J. Econ. Bus., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2020, doi: 10.47729/indicators.v1i1.45.
