PENGARUH SUNK COST IMPORT ENTRY DAN IMPORT SPILLOVER TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MENGIMPOR BAHAN BAKU PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI INDONESIA
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Keywords: decision to import, sunk cost of import entry, spillover, dynamic panel data
Abstrak : Terlepas dari manfaat imported input, ketidakpastian di pasar luar negeri dan biaya inisial yang tinggi dan sunk mencegah sebagian besar perusahaan untuk mengimpor dan menyebabkan perusahaan persisten mengimpor bahan baku. Namun, sunk cost entry tersebut sarat akan informasi terkait aktivitas impor, sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan knowledge spillover ketika importir berdekatan di satu lokasi tertentu. Semakin banyak importir di lokasi tersebut, semakin banyak informasi yang tersebar, sehingga dapat mengurangi biaya inisial impor dan meningkatkan kecenderungan untuk mengimpor bagi perusahaan lain. Penelitian ini mengunakan data panel dinamis perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia (2007 - 2015) untuk mempelajari determinan keputusan impor bahan baku, terutama sunk cost entry dan import spillover. Hasil estimasi GMM difference menunjukkan perusahaan yang mengimpor satu dan dua tahun sebelumnya cenderung akan mengimpor bahan baku tahun ini, baik bagi perusahaan domestik maupun asing. Penelitian ini juga menemukan adanya hubungan positif antara keputusan impor dengan jumlah importir yang berada di satu kabupaten baik di industri yang sama maupun berbeda. Namun, temuan tersebut terbatas hanya terjadi bagi perusahaan domestik yang berasal dari aglomerasi importir domestik.
Kata kunci: keputusan untuk impor, sunk cost import entry, spillover, data panel dinamis
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