Strategic Design, Compliance, and Scheduling for Sustainable Project Performance

Building projects frequently suffer cost overruns, quality inconsistency, and schedule slippage. This study positions design management (DES), compliance (COM), and scheduling (SCH) as strategic determinants of sustainable project performance across cost (CST), quality (QLT), and time (TIM). Value Management (CPI/SPI), S-curves, and BIM 4D/5D. Measurement diagnostics met accepted thresholds (AVE > 0.80, CR > 0.70, VIF < 4.5, acceptable HTMT and SRMR) with 5,000-resample bootstrapping. Structural paths were significant: DES→CST (β = 0.45, p < 0.01) and DES→QLT; COM→QLT (β = 0.51, p < 0.001) with stabilizing effects on CST; SCH→TIM (β = 0.56, p < 0.001). The model explained substantive variance (R²: CST = 0.46, QLT = 0.49, TIM = 0.51). Indicator patterns corroborated these effects: cost estimation accuracy was highest (KB1 = 73.76%) while design-change cost effects were weaker (KB5 = 67.68%); specification and material compliance led quality (KM1–KM2 = 69.58%) while design compliance lagged (KM5 = 62.74%); time metrics declined from planning accuracy (KW1 = 66.16%) to SPI (KW5 = 59.70%), consistent with slight S-curve delays. We operationalize a DES–COM–SCH dashboard that couples EVM, PQP/ITP quality gates, and BIM 4D/5D to provide early warning and targeted corrective action, reducing rework, waste, and delay risk.